Luck3333

Grok: "Có, nhiều người làm như vậy - các phòng thí nghiệm AI biên giới và các trung tâm đổi mới có tính rủi ro cao thường tối ưu hóa cho tốc độ và những bước đột phá trong một cuộc đua tất cả hoặc không có gì, điều này nén thời gian nhưng làm tăng tốc độ kiệt sức, sự ra đi và chi phí sức khỏe. Dữ liệu từ các khảo sát công nghệ (ví dụ: báo cáo mù, nghiên cứu ngành) cho thấy tỷ lệ kiệt sức từ 40-60% trở lên trong những vai trò như vậy. Điều này không phải là phổ quát; một số tổ chức giảm thiểu với các ranh giới và phục hồi tốt hơn, mang lại sản lượng bền vững hơn trong dài hạn. Sự đánh đổi là có thật nhưng không phải là không thể tránh khỏi."

Hệ sinh thái crypto của Trump đang bị tấn công nhưng đang chiến đấu lại! Đây là những gì đã xảy ra trong 48 giờ qua:
🛡️ 1. Cuộc tấn công vào USD1 Stablecoin đã bị ngăn chặn
Quỹ Tự Do Thế Giới (WLFI) vừa sống sót sau một cuộc tấn công truyền thông xã hội có phối hợp. Tin tặc đã chiếm quyền truy cập vào các tài khoản của đồng sáng lập để phát tán FUD và bán khống stablecoin USD1.
Kết quả: USD1 đã giảm xuống $0.997 nhưng ngay lập tức phục hồi. Quỹ vẫn an toàn.
🏦 2. "Quỹ Tự Do Thế Giới" đang đến
Trump không lùi bước. $WLFI đã chính thức nộp đơn lên OCC để thành lập Công ty Quỹ Tự Do Thế Giới. Động thái này nhằm đưa dịch vụ stablecoin của họ trực tiếp vào hệ thống ngân hàng quốc gia của Mỹ. Rất quan trọng cho việc áp dụng!

Giới thiệu: Một sự thay đổi trong nhận thức
Trong thế giới Qubic, chúng ta thường nghe những thuật ngữ như AI, ANNA và Aigarth được sử dụng thay thế cho nhau. Tuy nhiên, theo tầm nhìn của CFB, chúng ta phải nhìn sâu hơn. Nếu ngành công nghiệp AI hiện tại đang xây dựng "công cụ," Qubic đang xây dựng một mô hình mới. Như CFB đã nổi tiếng phát biểu: "Aigarth không phải là AI; đó là một dự án nhằm tìm kiếm những mô hình mới cho việc tạo ra AI."
1. ANNA: Động cơ nơ-ron sống
ANNA (Hệ thống lưới nơ-ron nhân tạo) là trí tuệ thô, đang phát triển trong hệ sinh thái Qubic. Nó là lực lượng hoạt động được đào tạo bởi mạng lưới toàn cầu thông qua uPoW (Bằng chứng công việc hữu ích).

Abstract
The transition from predictive text models (Large Language Models) to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) requires a fundamental shift from disembodied algorithms to physically interactive entities. The recent experiment by David Vivancos and Dr. José Sánchez—transplanting the Neuraxon v2.0 bio-inspired brain into a Sphero Mini robot—marks a critical milestone in #AliveAI. This article breaks down the theoretical framework, the hardware architecture, and the methodology for replicating this experiment.
1. The Theoretical Framework: Trinary Logic and Neural Growth
Traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) operate on binary logic, using continuous calculations that ultimately simulate "on/off" states. Neuraxon v2.0 completely departs from this by utilizing Trinary Logic, a system specifically designed to mimic the biological reality of human synapses.
In a biological brain, neurons do not merely excite one another; they also actively suppress signals to filter out noise and focus on important tasks. Neuraxon introduces this explicit third state: Inhibition. In this system, every artificial neuron can exist in one of three distinct conditions:
Excitation (+1): Actively passing the signal forward.Rest (0): Remaining neutral and conserving energy.Inhibition (-1): Actively blocking or suppressing the signal path.
How does a neuron make a decision? Instead of relying on rigid, pre-programmed rules, each Neuraxon neuron calculates a "weighted score" based on all incoming signals from its neighbors. If this combined signal is strong enough and surpasses a specific activation threshold, the neuron fires an Excitatory signal. If the incoming signals are overwhelmingly suppressive, it fires an Inhibitory signal. Otherwise, it stays at Rest.
Unlike static LLMs, Neuraxon employs a "Neural Growth Blueprint." This means the "weight" or importance of these connections physically alters its own network topology based on real-world feedback. When the Sphero Mini robot hits a wall, the negative physical feedback literally rewires the network's connections for the next attempt.
2. Hardware Architecture: Why the Sphero Mini?
To test physical cognition, the AI requires a "body" with sensory input and motor output. The Sphero Mini, despite its accessible ~$50 price point, serves as a perfect minimally viable organism.
It is equipped with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), which is crucial for the AI to understand physics (gravity, momentum, and spatial orientation).
Sensory Input (Afferent Pathways): The 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis accelerometer feed real-time spatial data back to the Neuraxon brain.Motor Output (Efferent Pathways): The AI calculates the required trinary signals to drive the internal dual-motor system, dictating speed and heading.
3. Experimental Methodology: Replicating the Setup
For researchers looking to experiment with open-science #AliveAI, the protocol is straightforward:
Step 1: Hardware Preparation
Acquire a Sphero Mini robot. Ensure it is fully charged and Bluetooth is enabled on your host machine.
Step 2: Access the Neuraxon Brain Interfaces
Navigate to the open-source Hugging Face spaces provided by David Vivancos:
For Locomotion (Neuraxon2MiniControl): This interface acts as the motor cortex, allowing you to observe how the neural network calculates basic navigation paths based on spatial input.For Fine Motor Skills (Neuraxon2MiniWrite): This requires higher-level cognitive processing. The AI must calculate the exact physical trajectories, accounting for physical friction and momentum, to draw specific letters or words on a surface.
Step 3: The Feedback Loop
Connect the Sphero to the interface via the Web Bluetooth API. Do not simply execute commands; observe the neural growth. When the Sphero attempts to write a letter, monitor how the Neuraxon code (available on GitHub) processes the physical drift and attempts to correct its trajectory in subsequent movements.
4. Analytical Implications
This experiment proves that intelligence cannot be fully realized in a vacuum. By forcing the AI to interact with physical laws, Qubic and the Vivancos team are building the foundational nervous system for future robotics. Today, it drives a sphere; tomorrow, this exact trinary, bio-inspired architecture could regulate the complex kinematics of a humanoid robot.
Key Takeaways: The Future of #AliveAi
From "Dead" to "Alive" AI: Moving beyond static Large Language Models (LLMs), Neuraxon v2.0 introduces embodied cognition, allowing AI to learn and adapt through real-world physical interaction and failure.Trinary Logic Superiority: By utilizing a -1 (Inhibit), 0 (Rest), and 1 (Excite) framework, Neuraxon mimics true biological brain efficiency, drastically reducing the computational waste seen in traditional binary systems.Accessible Open Science: The integration with a $50 Sphero Mini robot democratizes AI testing. It proves that developing physical AI doesn't require multi-million-dollar robotics labs.The Blueprint for AGI: Powered by the decentralized Qubic network, this "brain transplant" experiment lays the foundational nervous system for the complex kinematics of future humanoid robotics.
#Qubic #AGI
Neuraxon2MiniControl 👉https://huggingface.co/spaces/DavidVivancos/Neuraxon2MiniControl

Finality. A simple word that carries immense weight in the blockchain space. It’s the point where a transaction is locked, beyond tampering or doubt. For most blockchains, this isn’t as immediate or certain as one might think. Bitcoin? You’re counting six blocks deep, holding your breath. Solana? Validators have to agree and then execute - quick, but not instantaneous. But Qubic? Qubic redefines this process entirely, delivering instant finality in a system where forks don’t exist.
What Traditional Blockchains Get Wrong
In most blockchains, finality is far from straightforward. Forks - branching pathways created when competing chains temporarily exist - trap transactions in limbo. Users must wait for confirmations, wait for chain disputes to be resolved, and hope their transaction makes it onto the “main” branch. It’s a cumbersome process.
Take Bitcoin, for example. You send a transaction, but the process isn’t instantaneous. One block passes, then two, then six - only then does the transaction feel secure. Why? Because forks can override earlier blocks, potentially reversing your transaction.
Even faster systems like Solana aren’t immune to bottlenecks. Validators must reach agreement, a process that slows when network traffic surges or disagreements arise. The result? "Instant" finality that’s not quite instant.
Qubic’s Rewrite of Finality
Qubic’s approach is different. It eliminates forks entirely and slashes waiting times to virtually zero. Its tick-based architecture removes the inefficiencies baked into traditional blockchain designs.
Tick-Based Processing
Imagine time segmented into fixed, immutable slices called “ticks.” Each tick represents a brief processing interval. Transactions submitted during, for example, Tick 100 are evaluated and finalised by Tick 101. If your transaction is valid, it’s confirmed. If not, you’ll know immediately - it’s as simple as that. No waiting, no ambiguities.
A Forkless Highway
While traditional blockchains navigate complex branching paths, Qubic moves in a straight line. Transactions flow through a single, unbroken sequence, with no forks to manage or resolve. This streamlined approach eliminates the need for redundant confirmations.
Deterministic Finality
In Qubic, once a transaction is processed within its tick, the outcome - whether successful or not - is final. There’s no need for validators to reach additional agreements or for users to wait for multiple confirmations.
Clarifying Success and Finality
It’s important to note that Qubic guarantees the finality of valid transactions. However, not every transaction will succeed. If a transaction fails - perhaps due to insufficient funds, conflicting requests, or invalid inputs - the network will reject it during the tick processing, and you’ll know immediately. This transparency allows users to act quickly without the uncertainty of delayed rejections.
Why Does This Matter?
It’s not just about speed. It’s about confidence - knowing that what you send is final before the thought of doubt even creeps in.
Finance
Cross-border payments processed in under a second. No intermediaries, no reversals, just frictionless commerce. 
Gaming
Imagine in-game transactions - buying items, trading assets, earning rewards - all processed instantly. No lag, no waiting, no broken immersion.
Supply Chains
A factory ships a product. The transaction logs instantly, providing real-time visibility to suppliers, shippers, and buyers. The chain of custody is secure, final, and transparent.
A Walkthrough: Qubic’s Simplicity in Action
Let’s break it down. Say you’re sending $QUBIC coins:
At Tick 100, you initiate the transaction.By Tick 101, the network processes it. If it’s valid, it’s finalised. If not, you’ll know instantly why it failed.
The result? A seamless user experience.
The Forkless Advantage
Forks complicate things. They demand extra resources, complicate consensus, and inject uncertainty into every transaction. By eliminating forks entirely, Qubic reclaims all that wasted energy and delivers a system that:
Reduces wasted computational resources.Simplifies transaction flow.Delivers a seamless and reliable experience.
Ready to Explore the Next Evolution in Blockchain?
Qubic is making a statement. A statement that finality should be instantaneous, that confidence should be absolute, that innovation should never come at the cost of usability. 
Whether you’re a developer, gamer, or business leader, Qubic’s instant finality provides the reliability, speed, and confidence you need to build innovative systems. From high-speed financial applications to gaming platforms to supply chain systems, Qubic’s instant finality transforms the possibilities.
 Want to know more? Take a closer look and discover the future of blockchain technology.
 Join the Community on Discord and Telegram.
Explore Qubic Docs.

Thị trường tiền điện tử đang gào thét trong tuần này! Với Chỉ số Sợ hãi & Tham lam đạt mức 7 (Sợ hãi cực độ), không khí dày đặc sự hoảng loạn. Nhưng như câu nói cũ vẫn thường nói: "Hãy tham lam khi người khác sợ hãi." Đây có phải là khoảnh khắc "Mua khi giảm giá" tối thượng hay một cái bẫy trước khi xảy ra sự sụp đổ hoàn toàn? Hãy cùng lặn vào hỗn loạn.
⚡ Sự phục hồi của "Tình trạng Liên bang"
Ngay khi Bitcoin đang đối mặt với thảm họa ở mức $63,000, bài phát biểu về Tình trạng Liên bang của Tổng thống Trump đã tiêm một liều adrenaline vào các biểu đồ. BTC và ETH đã tăng 3% ngay lập tức khi thị trường đặt cược vào sức mạnh vĩ mô. Tuy nhiên, "Trump Pump" đang phải đối mặt với một bức tường kháng cự khổng lồ.

Tính đến ngày 14 tháng 1 năm 2026, các hợp đồng giờ đây phải trả cho tài nguyên tính toán mà họ thực sự tiêu thụ.
Cập nhật này đã được xác thực lần đầu tiên trong môi trường thử nghiệm trực tiếp, sau đó được triển khai lên mạng chính, giới thiệu việc đốt tự nhiên tỉ lệ thuận với công việc mà một hợp đồng thực hiện.
Tại sao Phí Thực Thi lại Quan Trọng
Mỗi hợp đồng thông minh trên Qubic duy trì một quỹ dự trữ phí thực thi, về cơ bản là một số dư trả trước để chi trả cho các chi phí tính toán của nó.
Khi dự trữ đó cạn kiệt, hợp đồng không biến mất, nhưng nó sẽ ở trạng thái ngủ. Nó vẫn có thể nhận được quỹ và phản hồi các sự kiện hệ thống cơ bản, tuy nhiên các chức năng cốt lõi của nó không thể được gọi lại cho đến khi dự trữ được bổ sung.

The end-of-year AMA provided a comprehensive look at 2025's progress and the roadmap ahead for 2026. The message was clear: building decentralized AI infrastructure for the long haul, not chasing market hype.
2025: Building before Scaling
Qubic hit serious technical milestones in 2025. The network now runs at a two-second tick speed with 2TB of memory support. This foundation is what enables Qubic to support large-scale computation, advanced AI models, and infrastructure-level applications. Custom mining integration with external projects like Monero proved that Qubic can work as a universal compute layer., advanced AI models, and infrastructure-level applications. Custom mining integration with external projects like Monero proved that Qubic can work as a universal compute layer.
On the developer side, multiple SDKs came online along with automated smart contract validation. The governance model matured too. Computors approved the first token halving, and voting mechanisms improved across the board.
Certik certified Qubic at 15.5 million TPS, positioning the network among the fastest blockchain infrastructures globally. This certification validates the technical foundation and opens doors for partnerships that require proven performance metrics.
The Madrid hackathon brought in 120 hackers across 27 teams, with €80,000 in prizes funded through partnerships with Telefonica and the Madrid government. This level of developer engagement doesn't happen by accident.
The momentum continued with RaiseHack 2025 in Paris, part of Europe's leading AI conference. The Qubic Track attracted 400 developers out of 6,000 total participants, with 22 teams advancing to finals at Le Carrousel du Louvre. Most recently, the "Hack the Future" hackathon drew 1,654 participants across 265 teams, resulting in 102 project submissions spanning smart contract development and no-code applications through EasyConnect integrations.
Beyond hackathons, the team made its presence felt at Token 2049 Singapore. With 25,000+ attendees, the event generated over 50 partnership leads and six active integrations. The workshop, upgraded to the main TON Stage, reaching hundreds of attendees. These efforts led directly to valuable collaborations, including Avicenne Studio, later winning the RFP for the Solana Bridge.
The Science Behind The Vision
David Vivancos and Dr. José Sanchez pushed forward on the AI research front. Two major papers were published: a theoretical AGI position paper that's been read over 16,000 times, and Neuraxon, a practical AI model already seeing traction with 2,500 reads and 129 code clones.
Unlike static language models, Neuraxon is designed as an evolving AI system rather than a fixed snapshot of intelligence. Integration into the Qubic network by spring 2026 will create what the team calls a "living AI system" that evolves over time. Traditional peer review processes slowed things down initially, leading to a pivot toward building practical models that demonstrate real progress.
Marketing That Moves Numbers
Since October, the marketing push has generated over 10 million ad impressions. CRM contacts jumped 730% from 536 to 4,451. Live stream AMAs crossed 100,000 views after switching to Streamyard for better distribution.
The paid analytics tell the story: 1300% performance increase on a modest $7,042 ad spend, with engagement metrics up 5656%. DeFiMomma, the marketing lead, emphasized building accountable systems before scaling further. No chaotic growth sprints, just measured execution.
For 2026, the positioning shifts and expands to establish Qubic as the most credible AI compute network for miners, computors, and developers. The brand identity will emphasize science, compute, and mathematical integrity. Global PR replaces short-term partnership hype. The target audience? Institutions that need to understand why decentralized AI infrastructure matters.
Ecosystem Reality Check
Alber, who has been leading ecosystem development, was refreshingly direct about what worked and what didn't. Some partnerships took longer than expected. Exchange integrations proved to be more complicated than anticipated, simply because Qubic's architecture differs from standard chains. External dependencies created delays.
The approach evolved to manage expectations better. A "fail fast, build fast" philosophy now guides incubation projects. Early MVP launches will replace long development cycles before community engagement. The focus areas for new projects are: interoperability bridges, stablecoins, and perpetual DEXs that leverage Qubic's speed advantage.
The Solana Bridge, being built by Avicenne studio after winning the RFP, should launch around May or June 2026. Alber confirmed he's stepping back from the public ecosystem lead role, though he'll continue supporting Qubic as a whole. The AI teams in the ecosystem are now self-sustaining.
What's Coming in 2026
The technical roadmap includes several key upgrades. Seamless updates will allow core network changes without downtime, which matters for partner exchanges. The mining algorithm continues evolving to support ongoing research. By year's end, the network transitions from AVX2 to AVX1212 instruction standards.
The Qubic Network Guardians program just launched to incentivize running light nodes through gamification and leaderboards. Making network participation accessible to more people strengthens decentralization.
Planning cycles shift to three-month time boxes with community-driven feature prioritization. The transparency should help ecosystem builders plan their own development timelines.
Community Culture Shift
2025 brought price volatility that tested the community. El Clip, the community workgroup lead, described a reshaping of identity. Moderation improved. The focus moved toward constructive criticism over reactive conflict.
The community is developing shared norms rather than top-down rules. Early intervention on disruptive behavior helps maintain productive discussions. Long-term contributors get recognition, which reduces friction.
The expectation for 2026? Consolidate this new identity. Open participation continues, but the culture rewards substance over speculation. Short-term thinking gets left behind.
The Core Philosophy
Throughout the AMA, one theme kept surfacing: Qubic exists to build decentralized AI infrastructure that solves complex problems. The token facilitates the economy, but the real value lives in the technology itself.
Alber framed it directly:
Even without the token, Qubic enables powerful outsourced computation and AI development. That's the foundation everything else builds on.
The reality is that AI advances so rapidly that rigid plans become obsolete. Flexibility matters. Iterative development matters. Continuous adaptation to new research matters.
The next three to five years aim to create an AI economy with interconnected agents and high-speed crypto applications. Qubic positions itself as the compute network where users actually want to deploy their workloads.
Looking Forward
The AMA focused on substance over speculation. The team laid out technical milestones, acknowledged where mistakes were made, and outlined concrete plans for 2026.
The scientific research continues pushing boundaries. The developer ecosystem keeps growing. The marketing strategy targets credibility and consistency over short term hype. The community matures into something sustainable.
The goal is clear: become the most powerful decentralized AI compute network. The 2025 foundation is solid, and the 2026 roadmap focuses on execution and advancements.
The pieces are moving into place. Now, comes the hard part: delivering on all of it.
🌐 https://qubic.org #Qubic

Phân tích thông tin các mạng nơ-ron sâu bằng các nguyên tắc đa quy mô
Trong não, điều chỉnh thần kinh là tập hợp các cơ chế thông qua đó một số chất dẫn truyền thần kinh điều chỉnh các thuộc tính chức năng của các neuron và synapse, thay đổi cách chúng phản ứng, thời gian mà chúng tích hợp thông tin, và trong những điều kiện nào chúng thay đổi theo kinh nghiệm.
Các hiệu ứng này chủ yếu được sản xuất thông qua các chất dẫn truyền thần kinh như dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline và acetylcholine, tác động lên các thụ thể được biết đến như là thụ thể metabotropic. Không giống như các thụ thể nhanh, những thụ thể này không tạo ra tín hiệu điện một cách trực tiếp, mà thay vào đó kích hoạt các con đường tín hiệu tế bào mà điều chỉnh chế độ động của neuron và mạch.

Được viết bởi Đội ngũ Khoa học Qubic

Một nơ-ron hoạt động như thế nào theo thời gian?
Các nơ-ron sinh học không hoạt động như một công tắc đèn phòng ngủ được bật lên. Chúng là một hệ thống động liên tục. Trạng thái nơ-ron phát triển liên tục, ngay cả khi không có kích thích bên ngoài.
Một nơ-ron hoạt động như thế nào theo thời gian?
Cơ bản là, bằng cách di chuyển các điện tích (ion) vào hoặc ra khỏi màng của nó, tức là, bằng cách thay đổi tiềm năng điện của nó. Các ion vào hoặc ra (chủ yếu là natri và kali) qua các cổng khác nhau của nơ-ron với một cường độ nhất định, làm thay đổi tiềm năng. Có một số cổng, được gọi là cổng rò rỉ, nơi các ion luôn vào và ra.

Được viết bởi Đội ngũ Khoa học Qubic
Học viện Trí thông minh Neuraxon — Tập 3

1. Neuromodulation trong Não: Nền tảng của Trí thông minh Thích ứng
Neuromodulation đề cập đến tập hợp các cơ chế điều chỉnh cách mà hệ thần kinh hoạt động tại bất kỳ thời điểm nào, mà không thay đổi kiến trúc cơ bản của nó. Nhờ vào neuromodulation, não có thể học nhanh hoặc chậm, trở nên khám phá hoặc bảo thủ, và vẫn mở lòng với sự mới mẻ hoặc tập trung vào những gì đã được biết. Cách kết nối không thay đổi; điều thay đổi là cách mà cách kết nối đó được sử dụng. Khái niệm này là trung tâm để hiểu về AI lấy cảm hứng từ não và kiến trúc phía sau Neuraxon của Qubic.

Written by Qubic Scientific Team

The brain is dynamic and non-binary
Biological brain networks do not operate as a decision switch between activation and rest. In living systems, inactivity itself implies dynamism. Absolute “rest” would be incompatible with life. As we saw in the first chapter, life unfolds in time.
An individual neuron may appear as an all-or-nothing event, transmitting electrical current to another neuron in order to inhibit or excite it. However, prior to that transmission, the action potential, the neuron continuously receives positive and negative inputs in a region called the dendrites. If the global sum of these inputs exceeds a certain threshold, a physical conformational change occurs, and the electrical current propagates along the axon toward the next neuron. For most of the time, neuronal processing takes place below the action threshold, where excitatory and inhibitory currents are continuously integrated. 
In computational neuroscience, it is well established that the brain is a continuous dynamic system whose states evolve even in the absence of external stimuli (Deco et al., 2009; Northoff, 2018).
There are no discrete events or resets in the brain. Each external stimulus acts upon a living system that already has a prior configuration. A stimulus may bias an excitatory or inhibitory state, but never a static one. It is like a ball on a football field: the same trajectory triggers different outcomes depending on the dynamic positions of the players. With an identical path, the play may fail or become a decisive assist.
The mechanisms that keep neurons active independently of immediate stimuli are well known.
One of them consists of subthreshold inputs, which alter the membrane potential without generating an action potential. 
Others include silent synapses and dendritic spines, which preserve latent connectivity between neurons or promote local activation. 
The most important mechanism involves metabotropic receptors linked to neurotransmitters, which organize context. They don't directly determine whether an action potential is triggered. Instead, they define what is relevant or not, what reward prediction a stimulus carries, what level of alert or danger is present, how much novelty exists in the system, what degree of sustained attention is required, what balance between exploration and exploitation is appropriate, what should be encoded versus forgotten, how the internal state is regulated, and when impulse control or temporal stability is advantageous.
In other words, metabotropic receptors implement a form of wise metacontrol. They are not data, but parameters! They function as dynamic variables that adjust system behavior. They allow the system to become sensitive to the functional meaning of a situation (novelty, relevance, reward, or threat) without requiring immediate responses. 
Returning to the football metaphor, metabotropic receptors correspond to team tactics: deciding when to attack or defend, that is, deciding how the game is played.
From a computational perspective, these mechanisms operate through intermediate states. They are not binary (active/inactive). The system operates in three modes: excitatory, inhibitory, and an intermediate state that produces no immediate output but modulates future dynamics.
When we speak of ternary in biological brain networks, we are not referring to a mathematical abstraction or calculus but to a literal functional description of how the brain maintains balance over time.
For this reason, computational neuroscience does not primarily study input–output mappings, but rather how states reorganize continuously. These states are fundamentally predictive in nature (Friston, 2010; Deco et al., 2009).
LLMs are binary computations.
In large language models, the concept of ternarity does not make sense. Learning is fundamentally based on error backpropagation. That is, once the magnitude of the error relative to the expected data is known, an optimization algorithm adjusts parameters using an external signal.
How does this work? The model produces an output, for example the prediction of the most likely next word: “Paris is the capital of …”. If the response is Finland, this is compared with the correct word from the training set (France). From this comparison, a numerical error is computed. This error quantifies how far the prediction deviates from the expected value. The error is then transformed into a gradient, namely a mathematical signal that indicates in which direction and by how much the model’s parameters should be adjusted to reduce the error. The weights are updated backward only after the output has been produced and evaluated.
The error is computed a posteriori, the weights are adjusted so that the correct response becomes France, and the system resumes operation as if nothing had happened.
In large language models, the separation between dynamics and learning is especially pronounced. During inference, parameters remain fixed; there is no online plasticity, no habituation, no fatigue, and no time-dependent adaptation. The system does not change by being active.
In the football metaphor, LLMs resemble a coach who reviews mistakes after the match and adjusts tactics for the next one. But during the match itself, the team plays the full ninety minutes without any possibility of technical or tactical modification! 
There is pre-match strategy and post-match correction, but no dynamism during play! 
LLMs are therefore not ternary in a functional sense. They are matrices of “attention” (transformers) trained offline (Vaswani et al., 2017). This is not a quantitative limitation but an ontological difference.
Neuraxon and Aigarth trinary dynamics
Neuraxon introduces a fundamentally different framework. Its basic unit is not an input–output function, as in LLMs, but an internal continuous state that evolves over time. In Neuraxon, excitation is represented as +1, inhibition as −1, and between these two states there exists a neutral range represented by 0.
At each moment, the system integrates the influence of current inputs, recent history, and internal mechanisms in order to generate a discrete trinomial output (excitation, inhibition, or neutrality).
The relationship between time and ternary is central. The neutral state does not represent the absence of computation or inactivity but a subthreshold phase in which the system accumulates influence without producing immediate output. It is comparable to a dynamic tactical shift in a football team, regardless of whether it leads to a goal for or against.
Aigarth expresses the same logic at a structural level. Not only are the units themselves ternary, but the network can grow, reorganize, or collapse depending on its utility, introducing an evolutionary dimension that reinforces continuous adaptation. The Neuraxon–Aigarth combination (micro–macro) gives rise to computational tissues capable of remaining active (intelligence tissue units), something impossible for architectures based exclusively on backpropagation.

The hardware question cannot be ignored. At present, there is no general-purpose ternary hardware, but there are active research lines in ternary logic, including multivalued memristors and neuromorphic computation based on resistive or spintronic devices (Yang et al., 2013; Indiveri & Liu, 2015). These approaches aim to reduce energy consumption and, more importantly, to achieve ternary computation aligned with physical, living, and continuous dynamics.
Does a ternary architecture make sense even without dedicated ternary hardware? Despite this limitation, it does, because architecture precedes physical substrate. By designing ternary systems, we reveal the inability of binary logic to reflect a dynamic world. At the same time, ternary architectures such as Neuraxon–Aigarth can already yield improvements on existing binary hardware by reducing unnecessary activity.
References
Deco, G., Jirsa, V. K., Robinson, P. A., Breakspear, M., & Friston, K. J. (2009). The dynamic brain: From spiking neurons to neural masses and cortical fields. PLoS Computational Biology, 5(8), e1000092.
Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127–138.
Indiveri, G., & Liu, S.-C. (2015). Memory and information processing in neuromorphic systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103(8), 1379–1397.
Northoff, G. (2018). The spontaneous brain: From the mind–body problem to a neurophenomenology. MIT Press.
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., et al. (2017). Attention is all you need. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 30.
Yang, J. J., Strukov, D. B., & Stewart, D. R. (2013). Memristive devices for computing. Nature Nanotechnology, 8(1), 13–24.
#aigarth #trinary

Viết bởi Đội ngũ Khoa học Qubic

Học viện Trí tuệ Neuraxon — Tập 4

Từ 'mạng' xuất hiện liên tục trong cả khoa học thần kinh và trí tuệ nhân tạo. Nhưng mặc dù chia sẻ cùng một nhãn, mạng nơ-ron sinh học và mạng nơ-ron nhân tạo là những hệ thống khác nhau về bản chất. Để hiểu mỗi hệ thống thực sự làm gì và cách một phương pháp thứ ba phù hợp, chúng ta cần xem xét kiến trúc và hành vi của các mạng ở mọi cấp độ.
Mạng nơ-ron Sinh học: Cách não bộ xử lý thông tin