#walrus $WAL @Walrus 🦭/acc From AI datasets to NFT media and decentralized websites, #Walrus brings the "Web" back into Web3. Your data isn't just sitting here, it's a move-native object that smart contracts can manage.
Experimental evaluations: Walrus doesn't slow down like traditional blockchains.
@Walrus 🦭/acc focuses on reliability and trust. It ensures that even if the computers running the network change (nodes leaving/joining) or if someone tries to upload fake data, the system remains stable and honest. I will give the practical example of "The Handover". Imagine a digital library where the staff (storage nodes) changes every 24 hours. This change is called an Epoch Change. • The Problem (Churn): In most systems, when the old staff leaves and new staff arrives, there is a blackout period where you can't borrow books because the new staff is still organizing the shelves. • The Walrus Solution: It uses a multi-stage transition. The Old Committee stays active while the New Committee is being set up. They pass the data baton smoothly so that users can still upload and download files without even noticing the staff change. Let's take a look at defending against "Malicious Clients"; Walrus uses Authenticated Data Structures. • Example: If a user tries to upload a file but intentionally omits a few pieces to break the system, the system detects it immediately. • Why it matters: It prevents a bad actor from wasting the network's storage space or corrupting the data that other people are trying to read. I also observed the performance at scale (Graph) and experimental evaluations show that as the number of nodes increases, Walrus doesn't slow down like traditional blockchains. Instead, its performance remains steady because of how it handles data.
To understand how Walrus handles Epoch Changes and Scaling practically, I'm giving you a concrete example and the data visualized in the graphs.
The first one was practical example of the Handover Transition. Take a decentralized video streaming app as an example using Walrus. The network undergoes an Epoch Change (every week, the set of storage nodes is updated based on staking). • The Scenario: At 12:00 PM on Sunday, the Old Committee (100 nodes) is scheduled to be replaced by the New Committee (100 nodes, some different). • Traditional Failure: In older systems, the network might pause for several minutes to sync data, meaning a user watching a video would see a "Loading..." spinner or a 404 error during the switch. • The Walrus Solution: Walrus uses a multi-stage transition. From 11:55 AM to 12:05 PM, both committees are active. • Writes go to both. • Reads can come from either. • Result: The user watching the video never sees a glitch. Now let's visualize the benefits; 1. Availability During Churn: As I've shown you in the availability during Node Churn graph: • Traditional Systems (Red): Experience a blackout or a massive drop in reliability during transitions because they haven't solved the synchronization problem during node swaps. • Walrus (Green): Maintains a flat line of near-perfect availability. The Multi-stage protocol ensures that data is always reachable, even while the staff is changing. 2. Performance at Scale: As I've shown you in the performance at Scale graph: • Traditional Systems (Red): Often suffer from "coordination bloat." The more nodes you add, the more they have to talk to each other to stay in sync, which causes latency (delay) to skyrocket. • Walrus (Green): Because of its decentralized architecture and authenticated data structures, adding more nodes doesn't slow it down significantly. It achieves practical performance, meaning it stays fast enough for real-time apps even as the network grows to hundreds or thousands of nodes. #Walrus $WAL
#walrus Experimental evaluation demonstrates that @Walrus 🦭/acc achieves practical performance at scale, making it suitable for a wide range of decentralized applications requiring high-integrity, available blob storage with reasonable overhead. #Walrus $WAL
#walrus #Walrus introduces a novel multi-stage epoch change protocol that efficiently handles storage node churn while maintaining uninterrupted availability during committee transitions. @Walrus 🦭/acc incorporates authenticated data structures to defend against malicious clients and ensures data consistency throughout storage and retrieval processes. $WAL
Red stuff is the core of Walrus, uses a 2D mathematical grid to provide high security with low storage costs, allowing the system to self-heal by downloading only the tiny fraction of data that was actually lost.. (𝑂(|𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑏|/𝑛) versus 𝑂(|𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑏|) in traditional systems). That statement describes the core efficiency and mathematical advantage of the Red Stuff protocol. To understand why this is a superpower for decentralized storage, I found out that how it solves the repair bandwidth problem. The problem is why traditional systems Panic? In standard 1D erasure coding (like Reed-Solomon), if a single storage node goes offline and its data is lost, a "repair" node usually has to: 1. Download fragments from many other nodes. 2. In many cases, it must download enough data to reconstruct the entire file just to fix one tiny missing piece. This means the repair bandwidth is $O(|blob|)$—if the file is 1GB, you might move 1GB of traffic to repair just 10MB of lost data. ✓ The Solution: Red Stuff's 2D: MagicRed Stuff organizes data into a two-dimensional matrix (rows and columns) and encodes it in both directions. • Row & Column Encoding: Every sliver of data belongs to both a row and a column. • Self-Healing: If a node fails, the system doesn't need the whole file. It can use the other dimension (e.g., the specific row peers) to reconstruct only the missing sliver. • The Math: This reduces the bandwidth for a single node repair to $O(|blob|/n)$, where $n$ is the number of nodes. If I explain in simple terms, it would be that if you have 100 nodes, repairing a lost piece only requires about 1/100th of the total file's bandwidth, rather than the whole thing.
Let note on the 4.5x factor: While 4.5x sounds higher than some simple 1D schemes, it is mathematically tuned to provide Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT). This ensures the data is safe even if 1/3 of the storage nodes are actively malicious or trying to trick the system, which 1D schemes often struggle to handle without centralized help.
To visualize the impact of the Red Stuff protocol, focus at two specific areas: how repair costs scale as the network grows and how the storage overhead compares to other high-security methods. 1. The Scaling Advantage: Repair BandwidthIn traditional 1D erasure coding, repairing a lost fragment usually requires downloading a significant portion of the entire blob. This cost is constant, regardless of how many nodes are in the network. As I mentioned in the first graph (Repair Bandwidth Efficiency): • Traditional Systems ($O(|blob|)$): If you have a 1GB file, you might always need to download nearly 1GB of data to fix one small missing piece. This line remains flat and high. • Red Stuff ($O(|blob|/n)$): Because of the 2D matrix structure (rows and columns), the bandwidth needed for repair drops as the number of nodes ($n$) increases. In a 100-node network, the repair cost is roughly 1/100th of the total file size. This makes the system "self-healing" without clogging the network. 2. The Storage Sweet Spot: 4.5x Replication: While standard 1D erasure coding (like 1.5x overhead) is space-efficient, it often lacks the security guarantees needed for a truly decentralized, Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) system. As I mentioned in the second graph (Replication Factors): • Full Replication: To achieve the same level of security (BFT) without erasure coding, you would need massive replication factors (often 20x or more), which is prohibitively expensive. • Standard 1D Coding: Low overhead, but fails to provide efficient recovery under node churn and lower security thresholds. • Red Stuff (Walrus): At 4.5x, it hits a Goldilocks zone. It is significantly cheaper than full replication but provides the high security and efficient recovery (the $O(1/n)$ bandwidth) that simpler coding schemes cannot. ✓ I make a visual representation of the 2D grid to imagine how the math works, think of the data organized in a square:
If Data E is lost, the system doesn't need to rebuild the whole square. It can simply look at Row 2 (Data D, F, and Parity 2) OR Column 2 (Data B, H, and Col P 2) to recover the missing piece instantly. This "two-way" recovery is what enables the $O(|blob|/n)$ efficiency. @Walrus 🦭/acc #Walrus $WAL
#walrus Red Stuff is the core of #Walrus , a two-dimensional erasure coding protocol that achieves high security with only 4.5x replication factor, while enabling self-healing recovery that requires bandwidth proportional to only the lost data. @Walrus 🦭/acc $WAL
Walrus handles Blobs more efficiently than traditional Blockchain
#Walrus is designed to handle blobs(large binary objects) more efficiently than traditional blockchain storage or existing decentralized networks like IPFS or Filecoin. Let's see how this statement is correct; according to me, the first point is the trade-off problem. In distributed systems, you usually have to pick two: low cost, high reliability, or high speed. The second one is full replication, every node stores a copy. This is highly secure but incredibly expensive e.g., storing 1GB costs the price of 1,000GB if there are 1,000 nodes. And the third one is simple erasure coding, which breaks data into fragments. It saves space but often requires a massive amount of bandwidth to reconstruct the file if a few nodes go offline . Now the question is how walrus addresses this? Walrus uses a specific mathematical approach called "Redundancy Reduced Erasure Coding." • Lower Overhead: It doesn't require 100% replication, significantly cutting storage costs. • Efficient Recovery: It allows the system to reconstruct data even if a large portion of storage nodes are offline, without needing to download the entire file from the remaining nodes. • Security: It integrates with the Sui blockchain to ensure that the storage nodes are held accountable and the data remains immutable.
Let's understand this with an example,
To better understand how Walrus improves upon existing systems, let's look at a practical example and the comparative data visualized in the charts above. "The Example is of storing a 1 Terabyte (TB) Blob" Imagine you want to store a 1 TB video file on a decentralized network with 100 storage nodes. 1. Full Replication (3x): • Storage Used: 3 TB total (The file is copied 3 times). • Cost: Very high because you pay for 200% extra space. • Recovery: If one node goes offline, a new node must download the entire 1 TB to restore the replica. • Reliability: Only 2 specific nodes can fail before the data is at risk. 2. Standard Erasure Coding (e.g., 10+4 Reed-Solomon): • Storage Used: 1.4 TB total. • Cost: Moderate (40% overhead). • Recovery: If a node fails, the system must typically download fragments from 10 other nodes to reconstruct the missing data, creating a massive bandwidth spike during repair. • Reliability: Can survive any 4 nodes failing. 3. Walrus (Advanced Coding): • Storage Used: ~1.11 TB total. • Cost: Very Low (only ~11% overhead). • Recovery: Walrus uses specialized coding that allows a node to recover missing data by downloading only a tiny fraction of the file, making it highly efficient even when nodes frequently join and leave (churn). • Reliability: Can survive up to one-third (33%) of the nodes failing simultaneously while remaining fully available.
✓ Storage & Bandwidth Chart: This graph illustrates the dramatic drop in both the physical space required (blue) and the network traffic needed for repairs (orange) when using Walrus. ✓ Fault Tolerance Chart: This shows how Walrus remains secure and available even if a large portion of the network (up to 1/3 of nodes) goes offline, whereas replication and simple coding schemes are much more fragile in large-scale decentralized environments. @Walrus 🦭/acc $WAL
#walrus @Walrus 🦭/acc , a novel decentralized blob storage system, addresses the limitations of the decentralized storage system. Walrus improves fundamental trade-off between replication overhead, recovery efficiency, and security guarantees. The current approaches rely on full replication, incurring substantial storage costs, or employ trivial erasure coding schemes that struggle with efficient recovery especially under storage node churn. #Walrus $WAL
#dusk Key Features of Dusk Network: • Decentralization: Discouraging resource concentration from staking pools encourages smaller players to participate in the consensus. • Private PoS: Using the segregated Byzantine network and the consensus protocol of the @Dusk ; both of which are powered by proof-of-blind bid, enables block generators to stake tokens anonymously. • Replaceability; Since voting power constantly shifts in a random manner among all of the validators in the Dusk Network, everyone on the network has a chance of being a consensus participant. • Speedy Transactions: Transactions are completed quickly due to the nature of the #Dusk consensus protocol. $DUSK
#dusk A Layer 1 blockchain, @Dusk enables the usage of native confidential smart contracts. It also provides a sustainable open ecosystem that meets the demand for business-oriented financial applications. Although it’s open for public use, it is engineered especially to be a private network that provides scalability, functionality and instant finality. #Dusk $DUSK
#dusk @Dusk aims to automate STO compliance while protecting consumer privacy. To this end, the protocol deploys a unique consensus algorithm called segregated Byzantine agreement (SBA). In order to attain dependability over the fault-tolerance mechanism, the distributed computing system must be updated. The Byzantine agreement protocol necessitates the agreement of all fault-free processors on a single value, even if some components are defective. #Dusk focuses on privacy. $DUSK
#dusk @Dusk utilizes cutting-edge technologies to provide useful financial services, capitalizing on the growth potential and diversity of financial applications like DLTs. The #Dusk network also aspires to be a blockchain protocol built for the deployment of programmable zero-knowledge decentralized applications (DApps), serving as the foundation for an open, decentralized and global privacy-oriented DApp ecosystem. $DUSK
#dusk The @Dusk high performing Succinct attestation consensus mechanism provides clear and final settlement of transactions. This is extremely important for financial use cases, which cannot use the proof-of-work consensus mechanism. Prospective node runners can stake their $DUSK tokens in order to become provisioners, thereby performing an important role in the network’s consensus algorithm. #Dusk
@Dusk , together with NPEX, have partnered with Quantoz Payments, to bring EURQ to Dusk. Based in the Netherlands, Quantoz Payments works in the same space as us; bringing regulated finance on-chain. With their infrastructure, Quantoz payments are one step closer to ushering in the mass adoption of Dusk. They couldn’t have found a better partner! EURQ is their digital euro, designed to fully comply with MiCA regulations, and suitable for regulated use cases. Dusk is one of three blockchains where you are able to access EURQ, and the only one purpose-built for the native issuance of Real World Assets and with compliance built in from the beginning. EURQ is more than just a stablecoin, it is an Electronic Money Token (EMT), suitable for use as legal tender. This is not just a stablecoin, this is a digital euro.
This partnership opens up many exciting avenues for us, including: ✓ A fully on-chain stock exchange. Quantoz payments are being working with NPEX for some time to build this, and EURQ is a vital piece, allowing investors to not only have access to a stablecoin, but to an actual euro. ✓ Dusk Pay. The integration of Quantoz Payments is a vital piece for Dusk Pay, their on-chain payment systems. Dusk Pay aims to provide fast, cheap, regulatorily compliant on-chain payments, and having a stablecoin that meets these requirements is a necessity. With Quantoz, Dusk Pay gets a lot closer.
• On-chain, regulated finance: The partnership allows for: ✓ Enhanced Accessibility: Providing a digital euro that facilitates secure and instant transactions for users and enterprises using the Dusk blockchain. ✓ Streamlined Settlements: Simplifying cross-border and B2B transactions with Quantoz Payments’ regulatory-compliant framework, reducing friction for businesses adopting blockchain solutions. ✓ Boosted Liquidity: Enabling new use cases such as tokenized securities, decentralized finance (DeFi), and digital payments, supported by a robust and euro-denominated settlement mechanism. ✓ Regulatory Confidence: With all three parties being compliant with the most stringent regulatory regime in the world, this partnership paves the way for real-world assets and regulated finance to be compliantly brought on-chain. • Empowering Enterprises with EURQ: The integration of Quantoz within the Dusk ecosystem opens new opportunities for enterprises to: ✓ Issue tokenized assets with euro-backed stability. ✓ Conduct real-time, low-cost settlements across borders. ✓ Adopt blockchain-powered financial services with confidence in regulatory compliance • Closing the gap between TradFi and DeFi: #Dusk partnership with Quantoz Payments helps us to close the gap between on-chain decentralized finance, and off-chain centralized finance, and means Dusk is not confined to the crypto sandbox, but instead has access to the entire economy. Not just the trillion-dollar assets market, but day-to-day, high-volume, high-transaction retail payments too. With Quantoz, Dusk can enter into industries and spaces that have been largely off-limits to crypto protocols. Not only are we building a fully on-chain stock exchange with NPEX, bringing 300M EUR of assets on-chain, we are now able to provide payment rails through Quantoz. This means more transactions and more TVL on Dusk from outside of the crypto space. People will be transacting on Dusk without ever having to use blockchain. Rather, Dusk will be the seamless infrastructure behind the scenes. Quantoz payments are thrilled with this huge step forward in achieving their goal of spearheading regulated and decentralized finance, streamlining legacy infrastructure, breaking crypto out of its sandbox, and gaining access to all regulated financial activities. $DUSK
@Dusk is thrilled to announce a key partnership with Cordial Systems, marking a major step toward the realization of a fully blockchain-powered financial ecosystem. This partnership represents a key milestone in Dusk’s vision for an on-chain financial future. The rapid adoption of tokenized assets is reshaping capital markets, unlocking new efficiencies, liquidity, and transparency, and at Dusk we are at the forefront of delivering real solutions for institutions. • Cordial Systems: Strategic Partners Cordial Systems has established itself as a trusted innovator in the tokenization sector, collaborating with industry leaders such as Figure Markets and its parent company, Figure.com, which has facilitated the origination of over $20 billion in private credit on-chain. For our integration with NPEX, Cordial Treasury was the ideal solution, offering a seamless deployment process and fully on-premises infrastructure. Given its status as a regulated financial institution, NPEX prioritizes maintaining direct control over its technology stack, avoiding the risks associated with third-party SaaS custody solutions. Cordial’s expertise in blockchain integration—capable of adding support for new networks within weeks—enabled a smooth connection with Dusk’s approved Layer 1 blockchain. #Dusk is thrilled to partner with such a trustworthy and impressive partner, and are excited for the opportunities their custodial solution will open up. • Dusk Institution-Grade Custody: The Backbone of Secure Digital Asset Management
A key element of this initiative is 'Dusk Vault', which provides a secure and compliant custody solution tailored for financial institutions. NPEX is not just an integration partner but also a client, further validating the reliability and security of Dusk’s custody infrastructure. By leveraging 'Cordial Treasury', a self-hosted wallet technology developed by Cordial Systems, institutions like NPEX can maintain full control over their digital asset custody. This eliminates dependence on third-party SaaS providers, ensuring operational resilience and regulatory compliance. This strategic move not only enhances security but also accelerates institutional adoption of Dusk’s Layer 1 blockchain, making it a preferred choice for compliant digital asset transactions. • Why This Partnership is Key to Dusk’s Future Plans? This collaboration is a cornerstone of Dusk’s broader vision to build a fully decentralized and compliant financial ecosystem. By working with NPEX and Cordial Systems, Dusk is ensuring that traditional financial institutions can truly transition to blockchain-based infrastructure without compromising on security, regulation, or operational efficiency. Not just a few tokenized products here and there that are still managed and issued off-chain, but bringing the entire system onto the Dusk blockchain. With the expansion of on-chain finance, we will introduce custody solutions for all digital assets, including cryptocurrencies, tokenized securities, and commodities. This will significantly streamline institutional onboarding, making Dusk an integral player in the convergence of blockchain and traditional finance. • Redefining the Future of Finance: As the demand for blockchain-based financial solutions grows, partnerships like this will define the next generation of capital markets. Dusk remains at the forefront of innovation, ensuring that institutions can leverage decentralized ledger technology while adhering to the strictest compliance standards. For institutions looking to embrace the next wave of digital finance, Dusk provides the foundation for secure, scalable, and regulation-ready blockchain solutions. $DUSK
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