Crypto Research Expert

Walrus je více než dezentralizované úložiště – je to programovatelná platforma pro správu dat, která přesměruje způsob, jakým aplikace Web3 spravují, ověřují a využívají data v měřítku bez jakéhokoli kompromisu. Oficiální web (wal.app) a dokumentace ukazují protokol navržený tak, aby propojil blockchajny, aplikace z reálného světa, systémy umělé inteligence a multimediální platformy s dezentralizovanými daty s vysokou dostupností, které mohou vývojáři ovládat a kolem nichž mohou budovat.
Co Walrus ve skutečnosti je
Na základě své podstaty je Walrus dezentralizované úložiště a síť dostupnosti dat určená pro velké objekty – soubory jako obrázky, videa, datové sady pro umělou inteligenci, webové obsahy a jiné těžké data – s vysokým výkonem, nízkou nákladovostí a odolností.

Zprávy dnes naznačují, že DOJ zahájil trestní vyšetřování v souvislosti s předsedou FED Jerome Powell.
Oficiálně je to spojeno s Powellovým svědectvím o rekonstrukci hlavního sídla Fedu ve výši miliard dolarů.
Ale strana Powellova je jasná:
Jde ne o stavbu — jde o politický tlak na způsobení snížení úrokových sazeb.
A to je extrémně vážné.
Federal Reserve je navržen tak, aby byla nezávislá.
Úrokové sazby by měly být ovlivněny inflací, zaměstnaností a finanční stabilitou — nikoli politickou mocí.

It explained the whole transaction work on dusk
This article breaks down how transactions work on Dusk, what “failed” and “discarded” actually mean, and why most users never need to worry about them.
The General Rule: When Transactions Become Immutable
On Dusk, a transaction becomes permanent and irreversible only after finality.
Execution alone is not enough — finality is the decisive state that guarantees immutability.
Until a block is finalized, consensus rules allow for temporary reorgs or block reverts.
The Dusk Transaction Lifecycle (Step by Step)
1. Creation
A transaction is created by a wallet or application like you submit it (e.g., official wallet or SDK).
2. Broadcasting
The transaction is broadcast to the Dusk network.like you see on block explorer
3. Validation
Each node verifies the transaction’s validity before accepting it because of it no fraud and other problema.
4. Mempool Inclusion
If valid, the transaction enters the mempool (transaction included event).Possible removals at this stage:Transaction expires before block inclusionTransaction is replaced by another with a higher gas priceBoth trigger a transaction removed event.
5. Candidate Block Inclusion
A block generator selects transactions from the mem pool and includes them in a candidate block.
If a transaction is discarded during block generation, it is removed from the mempool
(event emission for this is planned)
6.Block Acceptance
The block is accepted into the chain after checking the all requirements (block accepted event)
.7.Execution like your transaction work like you want
Transactions in the block are executed (transaction executed event).
At this point:
Successful execution → no error field
Reverted or failed execution → error field present
Importantly, execution happens according to contract logic, not protocol failure.
8. Confirmation
The block becomes confirmed (block state-change → confirmed).
Reversion becomes unlikely but still possible.
9. Finalization
The block reaches finality (block state-change → finalized).
The transaction is now immutable and irreversible.
$DUSK Failed & Reverted Transactions (What They Really Mean)
A failed transaction on Dusk is not a protocol failure.
Failures occur at the contract level, not the chain level:
A contract panics → transaction is reverted
A contract returns an error → transaction is reverted

In both cases:
The transaction was executed correctly
The result is recorded on-chain
An error field is present in the execution event
Dusk successfully processed the transaction exactly as the contract defined.
Reverted Blocks: A Consensus Reality
Before finality, blocks can be reverted according to consensus rules.
When this happens:
A block reverted event is emittedApplications must re-listen for transaction eventsThe transaction may reappear in a new blockThis is normal blockchain behavior and is handled cleanly by Dusk’s event system.
How to Reliably Check Transaction Status
Successful Transactiontransaction executed event with no error mean your work done with perfectly block state-change → finalized Failed / Reverted Transactiontransaction executed event with error field
Reverted Block
block reverted event mean you work is not done or it back at you
Re-listen and re-evaluate transaction status these things cause a problem
This model applies to genesis contracts and all future third-party contracts using proper error handling.Practical Example: Handling Deposits (e.g., Moonlight)
A correct implementation should:
Deep Dive: Discarded Transactions on Dusk
Discarded transactions are not an issue for normal users and can safely be ignored when using official wallets or SDKs like w3sper.
They occur only in rare and some cases:Invalid transaction payload (corrupted or incomplete)Gas limit below the protocol minimum not have enough money for transaction
These are caught early through:
Wallet-side pre-verificationNode-level validationthey’re simply ignored because they don’t meet protocol requirements which is also good because your transaction is not stuck yet.
To produce one intentionally, a user would need a modified or incorrectly implemented wallet or SDK.
Why This Design Matters and what it do
Dusk’s transaction model provides and it step write below with no extra explaination:
Clear separation between protocol execution and contract logicPredictable finality guaranteesRobust event-driven observabilitySafe handling of reorgs and failuresNo ambiguity for developers or indexers
This makes Dusk well-suited for regulated, privacy-aware, and financial-grade applications, where correctness and traceability are mandatory.
Bottom Line
On Dusk:
Failed transactions are contract outcomes, not network failuresDiscarded transactions are invalid by design, not errorsFinality is the only true guarantee of immutability@Dusk
For builders, this results in a clean, transparent, and highly reliable transaction lifecycle — exactly what serious on-chain applications require.

Walrus je více než decentralizovaná platforma pro úložiště, má mnoho dalších vlastností — je také ekosystém, ve kterém držitelé tokenů mohou přispívat ke zabezpečení sítě a získávat výnosy stakingem svých tokenů WAL.
Co znamená staking v Walrusu
Walrus používá model delegovaného důkazu účasti (DPoS): uzly pro úložiště zabezpečují síť, a držitelé WAL mohou své tokeny delegovat těmto uzlům. Čím více WAL je uzlu delegováno, tím více datových oddílů mu přiděluje a tím větší je jeho role v komitétu sítě — skupině zodpovědné za zajištění dostupnosti a integrity dat v každém epochu. Tady je to jednoduše vysvětleno:

Walrus is not just a decentralized storage network — it’s a programmable infrastructure layer which is designed to handle large data in a way that’s which should be secure, efficient, and compatible with real applications and having no problem also in less cost . Its official site (wal.app) and documentation clearly highlight why developers, builders, and ecosystems are adopting it across Web3. They give us the reasons also tell about it importance.
1. Cost-Efficient, Large-Scale Storage
Traditional blockchains struggle with storing big files because they treat data inefficiently and large scale storage is also the big reason — often requiring full copies everywhere. Walrus uses advanced erasure coding (RedStuff) to split files into encoded slivers. This approach keeps storage costs low (about 4–5× the file size) while preserving resilience that far outperforms simple replication methods used by other protocols.
Why they should do it why this is matter because Apps that need to store gigabytes of data — like images, video, or datasets and also have a lost of data — can do the work at high level of the cost, enabling scalable decentralized applications to make it usable and easy to use.
2. High Availability and Resilience
Walrus is built to remain reliable even when many nodes fail. Because everything is possible you should also have a plan for worst situation to handle that time. Because the network distributes data across many independent operators and uses strong coding mechanisms:
Stored content remains retrievable despite node outages
Fault tolerance survives even if two-thirds of nodes go offline it can also cause of glitch
Proofs of availability let anyone verify without downloading files it is not like a burden or took to much times for big files
This makes it suitable for mission-critical data.
3. Programmable & On-Chain Data Logic
One of Walrus’s most powerful benefits is programmability. Rather than just storing files,
Walrus treats data as a smart contract–linked asset:
Smart contracts can reference, delete, or extend stored dataStored blobs can include metadata or logic attached to themStorage capacity itself can be tokenized and traded
This enables use cases like dynamic NFTs, data markets, and automated storage logic that wouldn’t be possible with passive storage.
4.Decentralized Web Hosting with Walrus Sites
Walrus Sites let developers host entire decentralized websites — including HTML, CSS, JS, and media — using Web3 infrastructure.
5. See the Real-World Use Cases of their work
Walrus supports a wide range of applications that store data :
NFT & dApp Media Storage: which stores data and mostly user tranfer data in every second so it do Efficient delivery of images, sound, video, game assets, and more.
AI & Machine Learning Data: Store training datasets which is used to teach and trained the ai models , model weights, and verify outputs with proofs.
Blockchain History Archives: walrus also help to make a Low-cost, decentralized storage for checkpoints, archives, and historic blockchain states.
Layer-2 & DA Use Cases: It's Certify availability of data required by rollups or ZK proofs without taking any risk on privacy.
Subscription Media Models: The Encrypted content can be stored on Walrus and accessed via keys.
6. Integration with Sui and Beyond
Walrus leverages the Sui blockchain for coordination, payments, and metadata. Storage space and stored blobs are represented as Sui objects — so developers can manage, split, merge, transfer, or even delete them using Move smart contracts.
7. Native Ecosystem and Tooling
Walrus provides flexible access options which just name are write below here with just:
Command-line tools (CLI)SDKs in multiple languagesWeb2-friendly HTTP interfacesCompatibility with traditional CDNs
This makes it practical not just for hardcore Web3 developers or it's also benefitcial for programmers they inderstand this so easily — but also for traditional application stacks migrating to decentralized models.Bottom Line
Walrus turns decentralized storage into a programmable, resilient, cost-efficient, and scalable layer for real-world applications. From NFTs and decentralized websites to AI data and blockchain archives, its combination of affordability, availability guarantees, and on-chain integration makes it a foundation for next-generation Web3 development — not just a storage backend.
#Walrus $WAL @WalrusProtocol

Identita je něco, co používáme každý den – otevíráme bankovní účet, přistupujeme k aplikaci, podepisujeme smlouvu nebo prokazujeme oprávnění ke službě. Avšak v pozadí stále fungují většinou stejné systémy identity: předáváte citlivá osobní data platformě a pak doufáte, že budou správně zacházeno.
Protokol Dusk’s Citadel byl navržen tak, aby tento model porušil.
Je znechucující žádat uživatele, aby opakovaně sdíleli osobní informace. Citadel umožňuje prokázat identitu bez jejího zveřejnění – bez toho, abyste museli své osobní údaje odhalit. To zní, jako by to nebylo možné, ale je to možné. Dělá to pomocí kryptografie nulové znalosti, což uživatelům dává plnou kontrolu nad tím, co sdělují, komu a kdy – jako byste si nastavili svou soukromí svým způsobem.