tooba raj

The financial landscape is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the rise of blockchain technology and decentralized finance (DeFi). However, traditional blockchains often lack the privacy and regulatory compliance required for institutional adoption. @dusk_foundation ($DUSK ) is tackling these challenges head-on, developing a cutting-edge blockchain platform that prioritizes confidentiality, security, and regulatory compliance.
The Need for Private Finance
Current blockchain architectures prioritize transparency, often at the cost of user privacy. This lack of confidentiality can be a major barrier to adoption, particularly in industries where sensitive information is involved, such as finance or healthcare. @dusk_foundation ($DUSK ) is addressing this issue with its innovative Dusk Network, enabling private and secure decentralized financial services.
Dusk Network: A Technical Overview
Dusk Network utilizes advanced cryptography, such as zero-knowledge proofs, to ensure confidential transactions and smart contracts. The platform's novel consensus mechanism, Segregated Byzantine Agreement (SBA), ensures fairness and security, while Secure Tunnel Switching (STS) provides private and secure data streaming. With its Solidity-compatible DuskEVM, developers can build and deploy private smart contracts with ease.
Real-World Use Cases
Dusk Network's confidential smart contracts enable a range of use cases, including:
- Private DeFi: Enable confidential lending, borrowing, and trading
- Compliant Asset Tokenization: Issue digital assets securely and in compliance with regulations
- Confidential Asset Transfers: Transfer ownership of assets privately and securely
The Future of Private Finance
@dusk_foundation ($DUSK ) is pioneering a new era in blockchain-based financial infrastructure, one that prioritizes privacy, security, and regulatory compliance. As the ecosystem continues to evolve, it's clear that Dusk Network will play a major role in shaping the future of decentralized finance. Join the private finance revolution with @dusk_foundation ($DUSK ) and explore the possibilities of confidential smart contracts.

#Dusk @Dusk $DUSK

@Dusk #DUSK $DUSK

​As we move deeper into 2026, the conversation around blockchain has shifted from pure speculation to sustainable, real-world utility. At the heart of this transformation is the @dusk_foundation, which has spent years perfecting a Layer-1 infrastructure designed specifically for the needs of global financial institutions.
​While many networks struggle to balance transparency with privacy, the Dusk Network has achieved a "Holy Grail" in the industry: Privacy-Preserving Compliance.
​ The Technology Behind the Shield
​The core of Dusk’s value proposition lies in its sophisticated use of Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs). This technology allows users to prove the validity of a transaction (e.g., "I have enough funds" or "I am a verified citizen") without actually revealing the sensitive data behind it.
​For institutions handling Real-World Assets (RWA), this is non-negotiable. With the recent launch of the DuskEVM, developers can now deploy Solidity-based smart contracts that are both Ethereum-compatible and privacy-centric. This allows for:
​Confidential Asset Issuance: Tokenizing bonds and real estate while keeping trade data shielded.
​MiCA Compliance: Building within European regulatory frameworks (like MiCA and MiFID II) by default.
​Instant Finality: Ensuring that financial settlements happen in seconds, not days.
​The Utility of $DUSK
​The native cointag $DUSK is more than just a digital asset; it is the fuel for this regulated ecosystem. In 2026, $DUSK serves three critical functions:
​Network Fees: Every transaction and private smart contract execution requires $DUSK .
​Staking & Security: Through its unique Segregated Byzantine Agreement (SBA) consensus, stakers secure the network and earn rewards.
​Governance: Token holders play a role in the long-term stewardship of the protocol.
​Why 2026 is the Year for #Dusk
​The recent integration with the NPEX exchange—onboarding hundreds of millions of euros in tokenized securities—proves that the "institutional bridge" is finally open. As traditional finance moves on-chain, they won't look for the loudest chain; they will look for the most compliant one.
​With a dedicated team, a live mainnet, and a clear regulatory edge, #Dusk is no longer just a project to watch—it is the operating system for the future of finance.

@Walrus 🦭/acc #Walrus $WAL

A Technical Analysis of a Distributed Storage Layer on Sui
Introduction
The Walrus Protocol is a next-generation decentralized storage network built atop the Sui blockchain, designed to provide scalable, cost-efficient, and programmable blob storage suitable for Web3 applications such as NFT metadata, decentralized content hosting, AI data sets, and distributed applications. It uniquely merges on-chain coordination and off-chain data persistence, harnessing erasure coding, economic incentives, and Sui’s Move-based smart contracts to deliver a resilient, maintainable, and open data storage substrate.

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Separation of Control and Storage Layers
A defining characteristic of Walrus’s architecture is its separation of control/metadata and physical storage:
Control Layer (On-Chain on Sui)
Walrus leverages Sui’s fast finality and programmable smart contract environment to coordinate core protocol operations. Smart contracts manage metadata, storage lifecycle states, economic parameters, and epoch coordination. All high-level state—such as registered blobs, certificates of availability, storage space rights, and staking data—is expressed as objects on the Sui ledger.

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Data Storage Layer (Off-Chain Network Nodes)
Actual blob content resides on a network of independently operated storage nodes. Each node stores encoded fragments (“slivers”) of blobs assigned for a storage epoch. These nodes are not validators on Sui; instead, they run Walrus’s storage stack and participate in cryptographic proof routines to assure data availability.
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Blob Management and Metadata
In Walrus:
A blob represents a binary large object—such as a video, image, or data set—stored using an erasure-coded distribution across nodes.
Each blob has a Blob ID, and this is registered on Sui as a Move object. The Move type encodes metadata like owner, certification epoch, expiry, and availability guarantees.
The blob is registered before storage and certified once sufficient slivers are stored and validated across nodes. Certification is essential, since it signals to smart contracts and users that the blob will remain retrievable through the current storage epoch.
Walrus Docs
Smart contracts emit events (e.g., BlobRegistered, BlobCertified) that signal off-chain components—such as storage nodes and indexers—about state transitions in the blob’s lifecycle. These events also facilitate decentralized light-client proofs of availability to external clients.
Walrus Docs
Erasure Coding with RedStuff
At the heart of Walrus’s data resilience is its custom erasure coding scheme, often referred to as RedStuff:
Instead of naive full replication, Walrus encodes data into slivers using multi-dimensional erasure codes. This yields a replication factor often around ~4–5× the original blob size—dramatically lower than simple replication methods and cost-effective compared to early decentralized storage networks.
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RedStuff enables loss tolerance and self-healing: even if a large portion of shards is unavailable (even up to two-thirds), the protocol can reconstruct the original data from the remaining pieces.
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Recovery bandwidth is optimized: the design allows recovering only the missing slivers rather than re-downloading whole fragments, which significantly reduces network load during repairs.
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This approach offers Byzantine fault tolerance and resiliency against node churn—essential in a decentralized, permissionless environment.
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Storage Epochs and Node Committees
Walrus manages storage in discrete epochs:
A storage epoch defines a fixed period in which a set of storage nodes participate in storing and serving blob slivers.
For each epoch, the protocol forms a storage committee comprising nodes that have staked WAL tokens and met protocol requirements.
Shard assignments—mappings from slivers to storage nodes—are encoded on Sui as part of the system’s metadata. Nodes serve slivers and respond to availability challenges throughout the epoch.
Walrus Docs
At the end of an epoch, the system transitions smoothly to a new committee while ensuring continuous availability and consistency of blob storage metadata.
Walrus Docs
Economic Incentives and Staking
Economic incentives form a backbone of the Walrus incentive mechanism:
WAL Token: The native token is used to pay for storage, to stake for earning rewards, and to participate in governance.
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Delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPoS): Nodes must stake WAL tokens to qualify as storage operators. WAL holders can also delegate their tokens to nodes, which increases nodes’ effective stake and potential reward share.
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At epoch close, storage nodes receive rewards based on storage performance and challenge responsiveness, and delegators share in these rewards. Misbehaving or unresponsive nodes may be slashed, aligning economic incentives with availability and honesty.
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Challenge-Response Proofs and Availability Guarantees
To guarantee that nodes are genuinely storing assigned slivers:
Walrus enforces a challenge-response protocol, where nodes periodically submit cryptographic proofs of availability for their assigned slivers.
Smart contracts verify these proofs on-chain or via compact authenticated structures, ensuring that nodes cannot falsely claim storage.
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Light-clients and external protocols can use these proofs to verify that a blob remains retrievable without accessing the full dataset.
Walrus Docs
The challenge schedule is pseudo-random, making it unpredictable for nodes—and thus harder to cheat.
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Interaction and APIs
Users interact with Walrus through:
CLI and SDKs: Tools for developers to store and retrieve blobs programmatically.
HTTP/JSON Interfaces: RESTful protocols that bridge Web2 consumption patterns with Walrus storage primitives.
Sui Smart Contracts: Developers can integrate blob metadata directly into Move contracts, enabling data-aware decentralized apps.
Walrus Docs
Moreover, Walrus is intentionally CDN compatible, allowing traditional caching and distribution layers to serve hot data, while the Walrus network guarantees the canonical availability and proof structure.
Walrus Docs
Security and Threat Models
Walrus is engineered with robust security assumptions:
Byzantine Fault Tolerance: The system tolerates up to ~one-third faulty nodes by leveraging erasure coding and redundancy.
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Authenticated Data Structures: These ensure malicious clients or nodes cannot tamper with blob metadata or pass invalid availability proofs.
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Economic Disincentives: Staking and slashing mechanisms align node behavior with network goals—penalties for unavailability or fraudulent responses strongly discourage misbehavior.
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Conclusion
The Walrus Protocol represents a sophisticated blend of distributed systems engineering, cryptographic data availability proofs, and blockchain-native coordination mechanisms. By splitting responsibilities between an on-chain coordination layer on Sui and a resilient, erasure-coded storage network off-chain, Walrus delivers cost-effective, scalable, and reliable blob storage. Its architectural choices—particularly RedStuff coding, epoch governance, staking incentives, and programmable metadata via Move contracts—position it as a foundational data layer for decentralized applications and services seeking strong availability guarantees with on-chain integration.

In most blockchain ecosystems, storage is treated as a supporting feature rather than a core component. Smart contracts, execution layers, and consensus mechanisms usually take center stage, while data storage is pushed off-chain or handled by centralized services. The Walrus (WAL) project challenges this traditional model by redefining how decentralized infrastructures think about data availability and long-term storage.

Walrus is built around the idea that decentralized applications, rollups, and modular blockchains need storage systems that are as trust-minimized as their execution layers. Instead of depending on centralized cloud providers, Walrus distributes data across a decentralized network of nodes. This approach reduces single points of failure and improves censorship resistance, ensuring that data remains accessible even under adverse conditions.

Another important aspect of Walrus is its focus on scalability and durability. As Web3 applications grow, they generate increasingly large volumes of data—transaction histories, state proofs, media files, and application-specific records. Walrus is designed to handle this growth by optimizing how data is stored, verified, and retrieved, without sacrificing decentralization. This makes it especially relevant for use cases such as data availability for rollups, NFT metadata, archival data, and decentralized social platforms.

The WAL token underpins the network’s economic model, incentivizing storage providers to maintain data availability over time. By aligning incentives with long-term reliability, Walrus turns storage into a sustainable public good rather than a temporary service. In doing so, it addresses one of the most overlooked challenges in decentralized systems: ensuring that data is not only stored, but remains verifiable and accessible years into the future.
As the decentralized ecosystem evolves, projects like Walrus highlight a critical shift in thinking. True decentralization is not only about executing transactions without intermediaries, but also about preserving data without trust. Walrus represents an important step toward rebuilding the storage concept as a first-class layer in decentralized infrastructures.
@Walrus 🦭/acc #Walrus $WAL

@Dusk #DUSK $DUSK

specifically designed to meet regulatory requirements and provide privacy-preserving solutions .
Key Features:
- Privacy-Focused: Dusk Network utilizes advanced cryptography, such as zero-knowledge proofs, to ensure confidential transactions and smart contracts.
- Regulatory Compliance: The platform is designed to meet strict regulatory requirements, making it suitable for institutional adoption.
- Decentralized: Dusk Network operates on a decentralized network, ensuring security, transparency, and resistance to attacks.
- Scalability: The platform is designed to handle high-performance transactions, making it suitable for large-scale financial applications.
Use Cases:
- Private DeFi: Dusk Network enables private and secure decentralized financial services.
- Compliant Asset Tokenization: The platform allows for secure and regulatory-compliant digital asset issuance.
- Confidential Asset Transfers: Dusk Network enables transparent yet private ownership transfers .
Technical Architecture:
- DuskEVM: A Solidity-compatible environment for developing smart contracts.
- Segregated Byzantine Agreement (SBA): A novel consensus mechanism ensuring fairness and security.
- Secure Tunnel Switching (STS): A feature providing private and secure data streaming .
The Dusk Foundation aims to revolutionize financial infrastructure by providing a secure, private, and compliant blockchain solution. With its innovative technology and growing ecosystem, Dusk Network is poised to become a leading player in the blockchain space.

@Walrus 🦭/acc #Walrus $WAL

The Walrus (WAL) protocol is a decentralized storage solution built on the Sui blockchain, designed to provide a scalable, secure, and cost-effective way to store large data files. In this article, we'll delve into the engineering architecture of Walrus, exploring its technical components and how they work together to enable a robust distributed storage layer.
Architecture Overview
Walrus consists of several key components:
1. Storage Nodes: These are the nodes responsible for storing data and handling requests.
2. Aggregator: This component aggregates data from storage nodes and forwards it to other systems or end-users.
3. Publisher: The publisher records blobs (data files) into the network.
4. Client: The client connects end-users and publishers, handling data reception and reading.
5. CDN/Cache: A temporary storage system providing low-latency data access.
RedStuff Erasure Coding
At the heart of Walrus is RedStuff, a groundbreaking erasure coding protocol that breaks data into smaller "slivers" and distributes them across storage nodes. This approach ensures:
- Fault Tolerance: Data remains accessible even if up to two-thirds of storage nodes fail.
- Cost Efficiency: Storage costs are significantly reduced compared to full replication models.
- Scalability: The network can scale horizontally to hundreds or thousands of nodes.
Data Flow
Here's a step-by-step overview of how data flows through the Walrus network:

1. Upload: Data is uploaded to the publisher, which encodes it using RedStuff and distributes it to storage nodes.
2. Storage: Storage nodes store the encoded data fragments.
3. Proof of Availability: Storage nodes provide proofs of availability, ensuring they still hold the data.
4. Retrieval: The aggregator collects data fragments from storage nodes and reconstructs the original data.
5. Delivery: The reconstructed data is delivered to the end-user through a CDN or cache.
Sui Blockchain Integration
Walrus leverages Sui's advanced features for storage management and smart contract integration. Storage space is represented as a resource on the Sui network, enabling:
- Programmable Storage: Smart contracts can directly interact with stored data.
- Ownership Management: Storage resources can be owned, split, merged, and transferred.
WAL Token Economics
The WAL token is central to the Walrus ecosystem, used for:
- Storage Payments: Users pay for storage services using WAL tokens.
- Node Incentives: Storage providers earn WAL tokens for maintaining reliable service.
- Governance: Token holders vote on protocol upgrades and economic parameters.
Conclusion
The Walrus protocol offers a promising solution for decentralized storage on the Sui blockchain. Its innovative RedStuff erasure coding protocol, combined with Sui's scalability and security, makes it an attractive option for developers building data-intensive applications.

Sources:
- Walrus (WAL): The Next Generation of Decentralized Storage
- Walrus (WAL): Building the Private, Scalable, and Trust-Grade Data Infrastructure for Web3
- Walrus Protocol: Changing How We Do Decentralized Storage on Sui
- What Is Walrus (WAL)? | Binance Academy
- Announcing Walrus: A Decentralized Storage and Data Availability Protocol - Mysten Labs Blog
- What Is Walrus Crypto? Decentralized Storage on Sui | Nansen
- Walrus Launches on Mainnet, Unlocking Programmable Storage for All
- Walrus Protocol: Revolutionizing Decentralized Storage on Sui | by Yuusuf | Jul, 2025 | Medium